元以来云南杞麓湖的开发与治理     

王毅 《地域研究与开发》2015,(4)

以历史地理学为视角,依据相关的史料和碑刻对元以来云南杞麓湖的开发与治理进行探讨。元以来云南杞麓湖的开发历经了3个时期,即元明时期、清至民国时期、建国后至1980年代。杞麓湖的开发包括湖区土地、湖区渔业、湖区水路等。其中,湖区土地和湖区渔业是开发的重点,元明时期设立河泊所戍军屯田、清至民国时期挖海泥造田征收鱼课、建国后至1980年代围湖造田。人类在开发杞麓湖的同时也加强了对其的治理,元明时期发现并疏浚落水洞、清至民国时期开挖河道筑堤修沟划片管理、建国后至1980年代疏浚落水洞加强湖泊管理。  相似文献   

Non-stationary water-level fluctuation in China's Poyang Lake and its interactions with Yangtze River   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(3)

  相似文献   

一维热扩散湖模式在太湖的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

古红萍  沈学顺  金继明  肖薇  王咏薇 《气象学报》2013,71(4):719-730

利用在太湖获得的2010年8月11-28日的观测资料研究了一维热扩散湖模式在太湖的适用性,通过对比模拟进一步研究了影响太湖湖表温度模拟的主要因子。该湖模式对太湖最初的模拟结果并不理想,模拟的湖表面温度与观测有较大的系统性偏差,温度的日变化幅度与观测相比也偏小。通过分析该模式对太湖的模拟效果不理想的可能原因,针对太湖的生态环境和污染情况,设计了18个测试参数的敏感性试验,从敏感性试验的结果分析得到,适用于太湖的、依赖于湖泊类型的3个参数应做如下修改:消光系数（η₀）应放大3倍,湖泊表层吸收的太阳辐射系数（β）应取0.8,粗糙长度（z₀）采用公式计算得到。用新得到的适用于太湖的3个参数,模拟得到的结果与最初的模拟结果和观测资料对比,发现采用新的参数后,模拟结果比最初的模拟结果有了很大的改进,模拟的湖表温度基本接近观测,模拟的湖水垂直剖面时间序列图也跟观测吻合得较好,随之的感热、潜热通量的模拟也都与观测接近。最后,对输入湖模式的主要大气参量（太阳辐射、2 m气温及风场）±10%的误差引起的模式模拟的湖表面温度误差进行分析,结果表明该湖模式对大气强迫场的误差敏感度不高;相比之下,模拟结果对风场敏感性最小,对辐射和气温的敏感度相当。  相似文献   

Hyperspectral feature analysis of chlorophyll a and suspended solids using field measurements from Taihu Lake,eastern China     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):808-824

Abstract

We report results of three field campaigns conducted at 39 stations. At each station, we measured reflectance spectra in situ and collected water samples for measuring chlorophyll a (CHL) and suspended solids (SS) concentrations in the laboratory. To identify the indicative bands and develop suitable estimation models for CHL (C _CHL) and SS (C _SS) concentrations in Taihu Lake, a spectral-feature method and a derivative method were applied. The following conclusions were drawn: (a) the critical C _CHL and C _SS probably causing their spectral variation are, respectively: 0, 10, 50 and 75 μg L^?1, and 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L^?1; (b) the derivative method is better than the spectral-feature method for estimating C _CHL and C _SS; (c) the optimal variable for CHL is a reflectance second-order derivative at 501 nm or a reflectance first-order derivative at 698 nm; the optimal variable for SS can change when its concentration is low and the range is narrow; otherwise, the optimal variable is a reflectance first-order derivative at 878 nm; and (d) the CHL and SS have an effect on one another's retrieval. The C _CHL estimation accuracy would benefit from narrowing the C _SS range. With C _CHL increasing and its range broadening, the corresponding C _SS estimation accuracy decreases gradually.  相似文献   

The Holocene tephrostratigraphic record of Lake Shkodra (Albania and Montenegro)     

Roberto Sulpizio  Aurelien Van Welden  Benoit Caron  Giovanni Zanchetta 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(5):633-650

Two cores were recovered in the southeastern part of Lake Shkodra (Montenegro and Albania) and sampled for identification of tephra layers. The first core (SK13, 7.8 m long) was recovered from a water depth of 7 m, while the second core (SK19, 5.8 m long) was recovered close to the present‐day shoreline (water depth of 2 m). Magnetic susceptibility investigations show generally low values with some peaks that in some cases are related to tephra layers. Naked‐eye inspection of the cores allowed the identification of four tephra layers in core SK13 and five tephra layers in core SK19. Major element analyses on glass shards and mineral phases allowed correlation of the tephra layers between the two cores, and their attribution to six different Holocene explosive eruptions of southern Italy volcanoes. Two tephra layers have under‐saturated composition of glass shards (foiditic and phonolitic) and were correlated to the AD 472 and the Avellino (ca. 3.9 cal. ka BP) eruptions of Somma‐Vesuvius. One tephra layer has benmoreitic composition and was correlated to the FL eruption of Mount Etna (ca. 3.4 cal. ka BP). The other three tephra layers have trachytic composition and were correlated to Astroni (ca. 4.2 cal. ka BP), Agnano Monte Spina (ca. 4.5 cal. ka BP) and Agnano Pomici Principali (ca. 12.3 cal. ka BP) eruptions of Campi Flegrei. The ages of tephra layers are in broad agreement with eight ¹⁴C accelerator mass spectrometric measurements carried out on plant remains and charcoal from the lake sediments at different depths along the two cores. The recognition of distal tephra layers from Italian volcanoes allowed the physical link of the Holocene archive of Lake Shkodra to other archives located in the central Mediterranean area and the Balkans (i.e. Lake Ohrid). Five of the recognised tephra layers were recognised for the first time in the Balkans area, and this has relevance for volcanic hazard assessment and for ash dispersal forecasting in case of renewed explosive activity from some of the southern Italy volcanoes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

扎陵湖鄂陵湖近三十年变化的遥感监测与分析     

张博  秦其明  孙永军  张泽勋  游林 《测绘科学》2010,35(4):54-56

扎陵湖、鄂陵湖是黄河源区两个最大的淡水过水湖,对黄河源区径流量与生态环境有很大影响。本文利用1976-2006年间四个不同时相的卫星遥感影像(MSS/TM/ETM+/CBERS)对扎陵湖、鄂陵湖湖面面积变化进行监测,提取水面分布范围,获得了扎陵湖、鄂陵湖湖面动态变化的数据,为掌握近三十年扎陵湖、鄂陵湖变化提供了可靠依据。近30年扎陵湖鄂陵湖水面变化是气候变化、人类活动、地质构造作用等多种因素综合作用的结果。  相似文献   

人类活动和气候变化对艾比湖湖泊面积的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

周驰  何隆华  杨娜 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(2)

新疆艾比湖地处我国西北干旱区,为典型的内陆封闭性湖泊,由于受内陆极端干旱气候及人类活动的影响,导致湖泊面积显著变化。湖泊面积变化所导致的生态环境恶化已成为制约当地社会经济发展的重要因素。以不同年份的多源遥感数据为数据源,分析了1972—2008年湖泊面积变化情况,并分析了特征年内湖泊面积变化的原因。认为气候要素中降水对湖泊面积影响较大,另外,人类活动引起绿洲变化,而绿洲农业灌溉用水对湖泊面积变化影响较大。同时,还分析了湖泊萎缩引起的湖泊水质恶化以及湖滨植被退化和区域沙漠化等环境效应,结果表明,湖泊面积是流域生态保障的重要指标,可作为反应湖泊流域生态情况的重要指标。由此提出了保护艾比湖生态环境的若干建议。  相似文献   

Diurnal variation of nitric oxide emission flux from a mangrove wetland in Zhangjiang River Estuary,China     

Juan Chen  Fei-Hua Wu  Qiang Xiao  Zhang-Hua Yang  Sheng-Kai Huang  Jian Wang  Yu-Guang Wu  Xue-Jun Dong  Zhen-Ming Pei  Hai-Lei Zheng 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

The diurnal variation of nitric oxide (NO) emission fluxes from a Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina mangrove wetland were studied in the Zhangjiang River Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve using a dynamic chamber-based technique and a chemiluminescent analyzer. Results from field experiments show that NO emission from K. obovata and A. marina sampling sites reached maximal values of 1.07 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹ and 1.23 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively after the night tide. Meanwhile NO emission maintained at a steady lower level in daytime for both wetland sites. In laboratory experiments, NO emission from the mangrove wetland soil samples treated with simulated tides in the darkness exhibited higher values than those in the light, therefore it seems that tides and darkness could increase NO emission from mangrove wetlands, while intensive light, high temperature, and dryness in the daytime decreased NO emission. Compared with K. obovata soil samples, the diurnal average NO emission rate of the A. marina site was significantly higher, which was closely related to relatively higher diurnal average CO₂ emission rate, soil available nitrogen content and soil net nitrification rate of the A. marina site. Moreover, soil samples of the A. marina site were more responsive to simulated tides and the addition of nitrogen than those of the K. obovata site.  相似文献   

A 200-year precipitation index for the central English Lake District / Un indice de précipitation de 200 ans pour la Région des Lacs en Angleterre     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5)

Abstract

Abstract The geographical context and hydroclimatology of the English Lake District means that the region is an important monitor of changes to nationally significant environmental assets. Using monthly rainfall series for sites in and around the central Lake District, a continuous ~200-year precipitation index was constructed for a representative station close to Grasmere. The bridged series shows a significant decline in summer rainfall since the 1960s, offset by increases in winter and spring that are strongly linked to North Atlantic forcing. Over longer time periods, the index exhibits several notable dry (1850s, 1880s, 1890s, 1930s, 1970s) and wet (1820s, 1870s, 1920s, 1940s, 1990s) decades. These patterns are strongly reflected by reservoir inflow series and by indicators of the biological status of the region’s freshwater lakes. It is argued that long-term climate indices will become increasingly important as managers seek to evaluate recent and project environmental changes within the context of long-term natural variability.  相似文献   

Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns     

Jane Assini 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):738-755

Abstract

This study examined the end-of-winter snow storage, its distribution and the spatial and temporal melt patterns of a large, low gradient wetland at Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. The project utilized a combination of field observations and a physically-based snowmelt model. Topography and wind were the major controls on snow distribution in the region, and snow was routinely scoured from the hilltop regions and deposited into hillslopes and valleys. Timing and duration of snowmelt at Polar Bear Pass were similar in 2008 and 2009. The snowmelt was initiated by an increase in air temperature and net radiation receipt. Inter-annual variability in spatial snowmelt patterns was evident at Polar Bear Pass and was attributed to a non-uniform snow cover distribution and local microclimate conditions. In situ field studies and modelling remain important in High Arctic regions for assessing wetland water budgets and runoff, in addition to model parameterization and validation of satellite imagery.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Assini, J. and Young, K.L., 2012. Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (4), 738–755.  相似文献